Cryptography



H. C. GAUSS.

A CRYPTOGRAPH'Y.

APPLICATION FILEISEP. 17. |920.

Famed .May 24; A192.1.

x09 boy-bez HenrBC. @Moss H. C. GAUSS.

CRYPTOGRAPHY. APPucATloN FILED SEPT. I7. |920.

Patented May 24, 1921.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 3- He nLq'CCia Mss H. C. GAUSS.

CRYPTUGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. IJ. |920.

Patented May 24, 1921.

Sec. Reu-Rnd (70) Sec. Sau-Sed (73) Sec. Siv-Soh (76) Sec. Sum-Szz (79) 70 rou 70x tov 700 row 701 rox 702 roy-roz 703 rp-rpz 704 rq-rqz 705 rrd-lz 706 rs-rsz 707 rt-rtz 708 ru-rub 709 ruc-rud 73 sau 73x sav 730 saw 731 sax 732 say-Saz 733 sb-sbz A734 sc-sch 735 sci-sez 736 sd-sdz 737 se-sea 738 seb/ 739 sec-sed FIgAo.

H. C. GAUSS.

CRYPTOGRAPHY.

APPLICATION man SEPT-'17. 1920.

Patented m1211921.

13 SHEETS-SHEET l2.

Heng CGM/155' www ' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CRYPTOGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

VPatented May 2,4, 1921.

Application filed September 17, 1920. Serial No. 410,919.

- T 0 all whom it 'may concern Be it known that I, HENRY C. GAUss, a citizen of the United States, residing .at Viashington, in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful lmprovementsin Cryptography, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to cryptography and has for an object to provide a system wherein allotments of alphabetical letters are represented by the permutation of the units of a pre-determined number of like arbitrary symbol groups, the number of units in each group being less than the number of letters in the alphabet. f v

It is well known that in the English, or any other language, there are certain groups of letters which are impossible and unused. It is also well known that there are other groups, possible, but very little used. Such groups are grouped together or with commonly used groups thereby reducing the number of permutations of alphabet letters to a given number very much below the theoretical permutations.

The present invention, while capable of a very wide range'of usages, and exemplified in a number of different manners, is primarily intended to use in conjunction with punched cards which, in turn, are sorted by automatic sorting machines into sequences alphabetically, numerically, or chronologically arranged.

One principal use of the system will be in city directory work and the invention will be explained herein in accordance with that work. The modern city directory employs at least three major divisions, to wit, that havthe surnames in alphabetical order, similar names being differentiated by given names and initials, second, a division of streets, arranged alphabetically, and subdivided numerically; and, third a division of classified occupations, arranged alphabetically and subdivided alphabetically according to the names appearing under those classifications. lt is desirable to be able to assort fthe cards carrying the data as quickly as possible from one such arrangement to another, to minimize the time employed in getting out and publishing the directory. The present system provides the use o-f a card upon which the canvasser writes the data for each entry, or such data is copied to a card at the office from the canvassers returns, this being a mere matter of business system,

resulting in a card having the data written thereon, anda eld or a plurality of fields properly designated for use in conjunction with a punching machine.

The present day punching machine is arranged to punch vertical columns of twelve positions, and a pre-determined number of columns. The present disclosure is `of a card having such a pre-determined number of columns of twelve positions each. In these columns the hereinbefore mentioned arbitrary symbol units areV grouped. For convenience in memorizingA and designating, numerical digits arev preferably employed. As there are only ten numerical digits these must be supplemented by other arbitrary symbol units. In the disclosure the symbol units and (X) are employed. These two symbol u nits together with the numerical digits, will be referred to herein as digits, it. being understood, however, that the word digits is employed only as illustrative and the actual numerical digits may all be replaced by arbitrary symbols and such nomenclature is no limitation upon such use.

Also the employment of twelve digits is selected only to correspond to the present day punching machines and the system is capable of variations and permutations to meet the requirements of a lesser or greater number of symbol units as future punching machines may make desirable. l

.It is obvious that the permutations of a given number of groups of twelve units each will be much less than the permutations of a like number of groups containing all of the alphabet letters. the alphabet letters to produce allotments to correspond in number tothe permutations of the pre-determined number of arbitrary symbols and the system of designating the allotments by such permutated units,

irrespective of the number of units employed or the units themselves or the manner of designating such symbols, which subdivided and appear upon separate cards.. Figs. 13, le and 15 are arbitrarily select-' It is the allocation ofV ed representations of the manner of use ,a employed in city directory work. c

The class symbol unit' does not, Vstanding alone, designate a letter, as for instance,

Vthe class symbol may be the'y initial sym.-

bolunit of an allotment of lettersbeginning eithergj with A or B," while the letter B, in

turn,.falls within two-frclasses, designated respectively by the' symbol unitsand Likewise .the section symbols, standing alone,

' do not ydesignateany definitejtwo lettersl as,

for, instance, the sectionfsymbol: may

' f designate aa, ab, or. acaccording to the ythird symbol` unit, vwhich Ais the differentiating symbol unit. u

-Thej'complete symbol mayor may not'v designate a fixedgroup of-letters .Thesym- .bol (f x) at 2Oin Fig. 15V designates an allotment wherein'the first two lettersjare aai' and the, third letters, anyA letters of the 1alphabet.l V 'As distinguished fromv this, theV .symboly(-xo), at 21 in Fig.-1, does designate a; 4fixed Vgroup; `of letters. acl..vv Wherever,

thereforefthe symbol (4X0) appears, the

fixed combinati'onyofletters acl .is lalways* designated. .This applies throughout the chart as will be noted.'` In. other words, cer-' vtain commonly used single letters and combinations have. been allotted for specific designation by specific groupingfof digits and the little used combinations have been allotte'd Vinto defined alphabetical ranges. As,

for instance, at :22 in Fig. 1, the lsymbolv (-7X)` indicates the range aXm-aXz. Following ax, combinations between m and z are very rare, so that but lfew words will fallv withinvthis range, requiring differentiation.

It has been found that the majority ofjwords may be differentiated by their firstsyllables. When this is notfpossible a further dierentiation is provided for in the present system. It` isY not the" basicplan of this invention to provide cards, when punched, to be read accurately from such punchings, although in'v many instances this willV be possible.- The basic ideais to provide cards which will be sorted b'yfautomatic sorting machines into their proper alphabetical order. Y f Y To illustrate, Figs. 13, 14; and 'l5-represen l cards which have been punched in accordance with theV present system, no attempt having" been made to show these cards to any V.particular scale or proportion; Cardsare shown havingelds for punching data of the surname, givenl name, city, street, number, and occupation. At the left a fieldis shown vfor writing, printing or otherwise displaying c. the. complete data. The punching vof these cardsV adds nothing tothe data displayed but facilitates' the Vmechanical sorting with thel well known rapidity of mechanicalfso'rting such classes, sub-classes,

machines.` into groupsvand' sequence ias the requirements. of use make desirable `For instance, 1t would be natural to first sort the cards to the sur-V ferentiatiOn. At Fig. '13, the givenname is name appearing in the left hand field. Similar names have been chosen, also very simi-` lar data throughout for,v the purpose of disclosing:l the manner of differentiation. f At Fig. 13 vthe surname as indicated at 23 is Johns.'V AtFig. '14 as indicatedv at 24, the name is Jones, the same being' true of 'Figlg lat 25. `All of'these surnames, therefore, Y

begin with the two letters-Jo and are Vvdifferentiated bythe third letter. lBy referring to Fig. 6, at A26, itvwill be notedvthat the symbol 30tindicates a fixed combination of let-1V .Fi s. 13 and 14. Y

punched 304: as indicated. at 27V in Fig. "13.

ven namesfall beginning with Sa'have been chosen, to disclose the' manner-'of' dif- Sarah. The group Sar has a definitesymbol, 7 28, as indicated at 30 in Fig. 10.` The given name Field 31 at lFi 13 is, therefore,

punched thesymbol of ar,.to wit,728. The. group-Sam falls in the range sam-saq and isdesignated as indicated at 32, in Fig. '10,

by the symbol'-727.Y rThe given names Sa-V mantha, at 33 in Fig. 14;, and Samuel', at 34V inFig. 15, are, therefore, punched-thesynibol 727. It is necessaryto differentiate-be# tween Samantha Jones and Samuel Jones,

which, upto this -point, have recei'yedthe Y same symbols.v Thefourth letter in these twofnames will differentiate, in Samantha.V being a and in Samuelbeing4 u. The fourth"V .columnv of field 33 is punched the symbol n which includes A in the general class, to wit,

() as indicating the class at Fig. 1.k The u of Samuel'is designated by punching the numeral ofthe class in which u appears, to wit, the numeral 8 as indicated at 35 in Fig. l1.- fIt should be noted that the' unit ldoes not, alone, represent a or the unit 8 representu but the junit lwilll sort before the unit 8 and thefcards will thereforey be differentiated in their correct alphabetical j order.

In' passing these cars; through the. automatic sortingmachine they will al1 besorted first, of course, {.fromfa multitude of other cards, to the first digit in the first column3.` They will, therefore, all-fall in the same re? ceptacle. Thesecond sorting, to the secondv column, willhave a like result, all falling in the same receptacle under, the designation.O.V Sorting tothe third. column iwill differenvtiat'e between Johns 'and Jones, the Johns'v card falling 'in .box .4, while the' two Jonesv` cards will fall inbox 6. Passing the two Jones; cards, of course, withja great number A no field for the name of the city would be employed, as all would be residents of the same city. For gazetteer work the name of the city would be necessary. A field has been shown at Figs. 13 and 14 for this purpose and names of cities have been selected, having the same rst two letters, showing the manner of differentiation. In fields 36, 37 and 38, Washington, Waterbury and Waverly have been represented and differentiated. The combinations was and wat of Washington and Waterbury, respectively. fall in the same range, indicated at 39 in Fig. 12, was-wat, with the symbol 906. The fields 36 and 37 are, therefore, punched this symbol, 906, but this indicates either was or wat. The final S or T is, therefore, desi@- nated by the class number including shown at 40 in Fig. 10 as the numeral 7.V

The final punch designation for Washington is 9067. The e of Waterbury falls within group 8 indicated at 35 in Fig. l1 so that the final punch designation of Waterbury is 9068, which differentiates it from Washington.

Waverly presents the first three letters Wav, which falls within the range wavwaw at 41 in Fig. 12, the symbol being 908 and the field 38 so punched.

The streets, of the three cards, have been arbitrarily designated as Euclid, Eureka and Eutis, all beginning with the letters eu. The range including eu is range eu-euz, indicated at 42 in Fig. 4, the symbol of which is 1x0. This, therefore7 includes any third letter. The third letter will, therefore, be employed to differentiate and the class designation is employed for that purpose. The third letter c of Euclid falls in the class BEW-CZZ, with the symbol (x) as indicated at 43 in Fig. 2. Ther, the third letter of Eureka, falls within the class designation P-RIL, with the symbol 6 designating the same as indicated at 44 in Fig. 9. The third letter s, of Eustis, falls within the class designation RIM-SZZ with the symbol `7 as indicated at 40 in Fig. 10. The streets Euclid, Eureka, Eustis are differentiated in the fields 45, 46 and 47 by the third column punch (x) (6) and (7), respectively, so that the sorting machine will sort them in the order of their third letters.

The street number appearing in fields 48, 49 and 50 simply punch the numerals and no explanation is required.

For occupations, claims, clairvoyant and clerk have been selected, all'beginning with the two letters cl to disclose the manner of differentiation. All fall for their rst three letters within therange cl-clz as indicated at 51in Fig. 2 with the symbol x6x. It is necessary to go further, than the first three colmuns, to differentiate. VThe third letters are designated by the same punch symbol in each case and are, therefore, taken as a starter for the differentiation. Aim of claims and Airof clairvoyant fall within the range aimlair as indicated at 52 of Fig. 1 with the symbol -15. `Se far, as is represented by six columns, claims and clairvoyant are punched the same. lIt is the third letter of the second group m` and r, respectively, which must be employed todifferentiate. M fallsfin the class designation LOG-MZZ with thesymbol 4 as indicated at 53 in Fig. 7, while r, the third letter of the second group, falls in the class designation RIM- SZZ, with the symbol 7, as indicated at 40 in .Fig. 10. The seventh column, therefore, differentiates, claims being punched 4 and clairvoyant 7. For clerk the third letter, e,

falls in the class designation D-EPZ with` the symbol o as indicated at 54 in Fig. 3.

The manner of differentiating words for names, cities, streets, occupations, or any other required or desired data, is apparent.

- Assume that, for gazetteer` purposes, it is desirable to arrange the data, first under cities alphabetically arranged, the sorting machine is set to sort to the third punch field in the usual well known manner. The cards, differentiated as above stated, will be by the sorting machine arranged in their proper alphabetical order. If itis desired to arrange next under the occupation, the sorting machine is set to sort to the sixth field, or if it is desired to arrange under the names alphabetically, the machine is set to sort the first and second fields. After the first arrangement, the cards are all again thrown into thesorting machine to sort to some other arrangement. For instance, if the first arrangement has been under city designations and it is desired to run an a to Z arrangement of the names, irrespective of residence, the machine will so sort. In fact, once punched, the cards will be mechanically sorted to any of the data appearing thereon. In ordinary hand sorting of directory data, for instance, it is necessary to await the complete returns of the canvassers before sorting can be completed. With this system the work of the canvassers one day maybe punched at the office the following day, and when the Work of the canvassers is completed the cards are all substantially completedfor mechanical sorting which will be done with the well known expedition.

\ While the transferring of the data to the cards inaccordance with this system has been here designated as punching it is to beiuiderstoodizthat actual punchin-g'i's :only

' resortedto tof-'comply with thepresent. use

otc'ertain sortingmachines, and that. any

other means of designating theA data `will' fall equally vvvithinthescope of this invention. A .Y p Y .The mechanical sorting offthe cards is something Wholly-'outside of the' present sysvtem ,being'a/Well known mechanical eX- pedient and1 themachines at present in use capable of. adjustment `for sorting the' `cards vinfacoordance with .this application.. Thev designationV of the symbols by means other` than punching, to correspond' to any requirements of" any sorting machine/or hand' sorting,lwill fall fully Withinl the scope of `the present invention.

. The arbitrary symbols, selectedgfor :and

'cal symbolsor thelidenticailv number lof units orgroups 'or :the identical allotments. combinations or. groups ofsletters designatedl by the, or any of the symbols soemployed, and

' includes different allotments" of letters as the" exigen'cies of :use 'may make necessary or desirable, and the` employment of otherV symbols and* in greater or lesser numbers as .the mechanical vexigencies may indicate as desirable.. i

I'claimiV A M" ,A systemof :cryptography comprising arbitrary allotments fof'letters; said allotments comprising a number .of groups, each.l derived from Va, predeterminedlnumber of alphabetsand assigning to eachI such allotment aA symbol comprising aV permutation of. the units ofalike number otgroup'sof arbitrary symbol.v units, each. group containing units less A`in number thanthe letters ofthe alphabet. y Y

2. A system of cryptography comprisinglarbitrary allotments of letters,saidallot ments comprising a number of groups, each derived from a. predetermined .numberg of alphabets, assigning to each allotment fa' symbol* comprising a permutation ofitheI units of a plurality of like .number ofgroups ofrfarbitrarysymbol units :each group; containingunits vless in number than the'letters of the alphabet, employing'a card displayo inga predetermined number of said groups Vv of symbol unitsV and designatingv thereon the units allocated to 'complete the symbol;

A system of cryptography ',comprising:

f arbitrary, allotments of letters, said .allotments` compris-in'ga lnumber. ofigroups, each derived from .ai predetermined number of? alphabets, assigning 'to veachy allotment. 'aT

symbol comprising` a lpermutation' *of-'fthe'.

Y units "ofi a pluralityl of vlike: number. of

groups of arbitrary'fsfymbol unitseach` group containing units less-in: numbery than .the

Lawsuit symbollun'its less in numberthan'the-letters i of thel alphabet, permuting :the -Aunits'` of a 7 J.

predetermined number of saidfa groups; lto formr symbols' and Varbitrarily *assigning to each symbol an alphabetical 'allotmentQ-said allotment 'comprising' a number `of.-' g,"r.oups,= each derivedl lfroml` employingxthey letters of the number of groups of symbols.;-

5'. Arsystem of cryptographycomprisingthe employment of a .group lof :arbitrary symbolA unitsless-in number vthan the` letters 8 ottli'ewalphabet, -permuti'ngz the -unitsfof .ai predetermined". "number FY jofs; said groups to form symbols, arbitrarily? assigning vtoA each symbol.: an .alphabetical allotment, said allotmentfcomprising' ai number off 4"groups, each` 9 derived from .employing .the letters" of'a plurality of alphabets' corresponding:to-the numberwofgroups of symbols, employing a f card'Y Idisplayinga predetermined? number of "said groups otsymbol: units and Ldesig- 9 natingf'therenf the" units allocated to come pletethe-xsymbol'. .v i'. r o

GA ystem. of cryptography comprising. the employment of a group Aof arbitrarysymbol unitsless--innumber than 'the letters 1,00

of thealphabet, pe'rmuting vthe units ot'a predetermined :number: of said: groups; -to form symbols, arbitrarily .assigning to each symbolxan" alphabetical allotment-,said allotmentcompr'ising amumberjo'grou'ps, each rm5 derived from employingrtheletters. of .aplurality ofVv alphabets' corresponding to the number .off groupsof` symbols, employing a card displaying. a .predetermined number ot separate lfields eachV having', aT predetermine'd'`V4 il.

inV Varranging.alpliabet letters into .groups-1.1.5Y

each having, a. predet'ermined number of constant letters and a variable letter, assigning-'to the: group .vanarbitrary symbol and"l providing af'urtherfsymbol for differ-1 entiating between the variable .lettersin dif- 120.

ferent-'vvordsf :i .l Y y A5 systemof cryptography consisting inV arrangingl groups, each containing a pre-. determinednumber. of invariable lettersv 'se-f curedasxthe permutationfof the `letters yof 1725 a number oi'alphabetsfand apre'determined alphabetical rangeg'. assigning to each lgroup an arbitrary symboljandproviding a -urther symbol employed Whennecesh'sai'y. to differ.-

entiateflettersvivvithinthe ran'geplgn:A i Y 8.0i av plurality ot'alphabets corresponding: to' v 9; A system of cryptography consisting in arranging commonly used groups of alphabet letters,v othergroups having a pre determined alphabet range including lesser used groups, assigning arbitrary symbols to each of the groups and providing a further symbol to diii'erentiate between letters fallingwithin the range.

10. A system of cryptography consisting in arranging alphabet letters into iiXed groups and elastic groups, assigning an arbitrary symbol to each group and providing other symbols for differentiating between the elastic groups.

11. A system of cryptography consisting in dividing the letters of thealphabet into classes less than the Ynumber of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each class an arbitrary symbol unit, dividing the classes into sections less than the number 'of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each section an arbitrary symbol unit, dividing the sections into groups less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each group an arbitrary symbol unit and collocating the class, section and group units to form a complete symbol.

12. A system of cryptography consisting in dividing the letters of the alphabet into classes less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each class an arbitrary symbol unit, dividing the classes into sections less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each section an arbitrary symbol unit, dividing the sections into groups less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each group an arbitrary symbol unit, employing a card displaying a predetermined number of groups of unit symbols and designating thereon the units collocated to complete the symbol.

13. A system of cryptography consisting in dividing the letters of the alphabet into classes less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each class an arbitrary symbol unit, dividing the classes into sections less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each section an arbitrary symbol unit, ldividing the sections into groups less than the number of letters in the alphabet, assigning to each' group an arbitrary symbol unit, employing a card displaying a predetermined number of separate ields, each having a predetermined number of groups of unit symbols and designating thereon the units collocated to complete the symbol.

14:. A system of cryptography consisting in selecting a predetermined number of arbitrary symbol units less than the number of letters in the alphabet, dividing the alphabet into classes equal to the number of symbol units, assigning one of the units to each of the classes, dividing the classes into alike number of sections, assigning oneof the units to each of the sections, dividing the sections into a like number of groups,

assigning vone of the units to each of the bitrarysymbol units less than the number` of letters in the alphabet, dividing the alphabetinto classes equal to the number of symbol'units, assigning one ofthe units to each of the classes, dividing the classes into a like number of sections, assigning one of theunits to each of the sections, dividing the sections into a like number of groups, assigning one of the units to each of the groups, collocating the class, section and group units to form a complete symbol, employing a card displaying a predetermined number of groups of unit symbols, and designating thereon the units Icollocated to complete the symbol.

16. A system of cryptography consisting in selecting a predetermined number of arbitrary symbol units less than the number of letters in the alphabet, dividing the alphabet into classes equal to the number of symj bol units1 assigning one of the units to each of vthe classes,` dividing the classes into a like number of sections, assigning one of the units to each of the sections. dividing the sections into a like number of groups, assigning one of the units to each of the groups, collocating the class, section and group units to form .a complete symbol, employing a card displaying a `predetermined number of separate fields, each having ya predetermined number of groups of unit symbols and'designating thereon the units collocated to complete the symbol.

1 17. .A system of cryptography consisting in selecting a plurality .of groups of like arbitrary symbol units similarly sequent and less than the number of letters in the alphabet, dividing the Valphabet linto arbi-` in one group, `assigning to 'the sections the units of another group, dividing the sections into groups equal to the number of units in a symbol group, assigning to the groups the units of another symbol group, and collocating the class, section and group units to form a complete symbol.

18. A system of cryptography consisting in selecting a plurality of groups of like arbitrary symbol units similarly sequent and less than the number of letters in the alphabet, dividing :the alphabet into arbitrary classes equal to the number of units in one group, assigning to the classes the units of one group, dividing ythe classes each into rov Y classes-equal to the number of unitsin one'. Y group,asslgning to the classes the unitsofV unitsof another symbolV group, collocatin'g the cjlass, seetionandfgroup unitsto-orm a completels'yn'ibol, employingf'a card display-V` ing: a vvpredet,erinined vnumber Yof the groups of unit symbols and designating thereon the unitscollocated to complete-the symbol.-

19,. Av system of cryptography-consisting v inv selecting af plurality of'rgroups oflikearbitrary symbol unitssjimilarly sequentand less thantheinumber'of lettersjin' the alpha#y bet, dividing the alphabetY -intolffarbitrary one-.vgfroupydividing theiclasses each yinto sections equal'to thernumber offunitsin one.

group, assigning 'tothe sections the units of I another group, dividing v the sections -int'o ing Ythereon' theunits 4collocated.' to complete I thesymboL A i groups equal to the number of units inja symbolgroup,fj assigning to vthe groupsztheV ,units of anotherisymbol group, oollocating the class, sectionandf groupunitstoz'form av complete symbol, employinga card display- ?ing. a predetermined number?l of separate elds,"eaoh havingl a predetermined Lnumber of the groups yof unit symbols and 'designatl20. A` system of? cryptography `consist-inginzselectingi a plurality ofL groups of like` arbitrary symbol: units Vsimilarlysequent 'andi lessithan' the number of letters iI'i-tliealpha--,Y bet, dividing: the Y alphabet. intoV arbitraryy Vclasses ,equall to-lthe'inumber of units inone;

Y group, assigning to@ the classestheiiunits of one v group, `dividing @the classesYV eachl into i sections equal.' to the number of unitsin one group, assigningpto theV sections; the units groups `iequ'a-l to the number of kunitsirifa units` of anotherY syxnbol,VV group,v `collocating the class, sectionY and group units form a a complete 'symbo-land'. employing, when'. necessary, the'unitsrof'another group to difeV y ,v ferentiate'" between.vvordsM designated by jA 'i501 Y Y kidenticaliclassisectionfandgroup,units; 1

symbolgroup, vassigningato the groups the 21-.1 A system ofioryptograpl'iy fconsistiiig; in selectingT a pluralityof'groups,lofiflk arbitrarysymbol units-silnil'arl'7- sequent'and-V v less f than the number of letter's in .the alphaiAv bet, dividing the alphabet intolarbitraryl" classes equal to rthe'-, number ofunits one"v group, assigning to the classes'the'units of? onef group, dividing the kclasses eachiin't'o.'V

sections equal'to the number of units finone of another group, dividing thesections@into;

symbolVV group, assigning `to the groupsli .the-1 units of another symbol groupgrcollocatingf l,the class, section" and l"Vgroup lunitsj. rtoA form i Y Y a.,complete,'symbohfemploying a? carddisl v i groups equalmto the Vnumber oiunits'infa Y,

playing a predeterminedV number offthe groups of Vunit symbols f designatingathereon thev units colloc/ated; t'ol complete thejfsymboll and designating a unitiofanother Vgroup', Whenvr necessary, to differentiate betweenf Wordsdesignatedbyr,identical'class,section; Y j

and group units@ ,Y Y i.

22. 'Asystem oifcrfyptography; consisting? inselecting a plurality of groupsv 03E-alike arbitrary :symbol units Asimilarly, sequent:

and less than thenumber of-lettersrinthe= i alphabet, dividing `the alphabet intoifarbi- Q trary Vclassesl equal: tothe number ff.' units` inV one group," assigning #to the'classesf-t-hef-v 2* units off'one group, dividingY the classes. eachafV into sections equal to `the number i ot:y units l in one group assigningV to the sections-theV units of another group',- dividing the Y:sec-Jv collooating the class,s`eetionandgroup units: l

card displaying a1pre(letermined-numberf` of separate fields',- eachAV having; a p`redeteI-'V to form a complete symbol, emp'l )yingi:a;y

mined number of the groupsof unit syfmbolsi l designating thereon.:thezunits;I col'located' to Y necessary, Ianother unit of-another'VV group rfi complete vthe symbol, and. designating-,fwhen` Within 'the same" field to `'differentiate--bei'YY tween Wordsdesignated' by? identical;class; Y

section and group'units;`

60` group, assigningto 4thesecftion'sjv the units? 85 tions Vinto gro-ups equaljto` tlienulnber-of. 

